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Estate Farms & Land

The family-farm 0% exemption.

Pennsylvania can tax inherited farmland at 0% — if it stays in the family and keeps farming. Most people never hear about it.

Here is a benefit almost no one tells farm families about: Pennsylvania can tax inherited farmland at 0% inheritance tax — instead of the usual 4.5% for children — if the farm stays in the family and keeps being farmed. On a valuable farm, that can save the family tens of thousands of dollars.

The 7-year rule, in plain terms

To qualify, the real estate generally must pass to eligible family members and continue as a working farm producing at least $2,000 a year in agricultural income for seven years after the death. Keep farming it (or lease it to a farmer) and the exemption holds. Take it out of farming inside that window, and the tax that was excused can come back due.

This changes the math on whether to keep, lease, or sell. If the family wants to hold and farm the ground, the exemption is powerful. If selling is the goal, the ordinary inheritance-tax rates apply — but stepped-up basis still keeps capital gains low. Either way, know the real value first, and have a PA estate attorney or CPA confirm eligibility. This is general information, not tax advice.

Common Questions

Family-farm exemption questions.

What is the Pennsylvania family farm inheritance tax exemption?

It is a provision that can bring the PA inheritance tax on qualifying farmland to 0 percent, instead of the usual 4.5 percent for children. To qualify, the real estate generally must pass to eligible family members and continue as a working farm producing at least 2,000 dollars a year in agricultural income for seven years after the death.

What happens if the farm stops being farmed within seven years?

If the qualifying use ends inside the seven-year window, the exemption can be lost and the inheritance tax that would have applied may become due. That is why the decision to keep, lease, or sell the farm should be made with the exemption in mind.

Can I still sell the farm if I use the exemption?

The exemption rewards keeping the land in agricultural use in the family, so an immediate sale to an outside buyer generally does not qualify. If selling is the goal, the ordinary inheritance-tax rates apply -- but stepped-up basis still keeps capital gains low. A family that wants to keep farming, or lease to a farmer, is where the exemption shines.

Who confirms whether a farm qualifies?

A Pennsylvania estate attorney or CPA confirms eligibility and files it correctly on the inheritance-tax return. This page explains the concept so you know to ask -- most families never learn the exemption exists.

Important: Selling estate real estate involves Pennsylvania probate, tax, and property law, and the details vary by county and by the specific will. This page is general information, not legal or tax advice. Always confirm specifics with a Pennsylvania probate attorney and, on taxes, a CPA.
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